![]() Patent Ductus Arteriosus was classified on basis of angiogram appearance. The murmur radiates along the pulmonary arteries and is well heard over the left back side. A continuous machine-like murmur can be heard at the left infraclavicular part. PDA is asymptomatic in babies when the opening is small but can be diagnosed by examination. PDA has caused a lot of mobility rate, and it can be an isolated abnormality or it can occur with other heart defects like coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great vessels. ![]() When it fails to close beyond the normal duration, it is referred to as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Anatomically, the DA would close within one to three months after the birth, by the active proliferation of tunica intima. Soon after birth, the functional closure of ductus arteriosus happens due to the reflexive and hormonal contraction of the smooth muscle and forms the ligamentum arteriosum. In a fetus, the ductus arteries carry blood from the pulmonary artery (left) to the aorta, followed to the body. The ductus arteriosus (DA) forms from the sixth aortic arch, and it is attached to the aorta with the first part of the pulmonary artery. In the fetal heart, there is only the systemic circulation and normally the pulmonary circulation will developed after the birth. The blood then passes through the ventricle to the aortic arch which distributes the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (systemic circulation). Normally in a developed heart, the left and right pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation), from the lungs then it carried through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the heart. ![]() Introduction In a normal condition, the heart of the fetus, an artery called ductus arteriosus connects the left pulmonary artery to the aorta. ![]()
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